[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.cebera.cz\/historie-psychologie\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.cebera.cz\/historie-psychologie\/","headline":"Historie psychologie","name":"Historie psychologie","description":"Jako \u00fapln\u00e9 pr\u016fkopn\u00edky m\u016f\u017eeme jmenovat n\u011bkolik filozof\u016f ze starov\u011bk\u00e9ho \u0158ecka, jako ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b v\u011bdn\u00edch oborech. Hlavn\u011b nesm\u00edme opomenout Hippokrata. Ten je zn\u00e1m\u00fd zejm\u00e9na kv\u016fli p\u0159\u00edsaze, kterou jeho jm\u00e9nem skl\u00e1daj\u00ed mlad\u00ed dokto\u0159i. V psychologii je v\u0161ak v\u00edc zn\u00e1m\u00fd d\u00edky teori\u00ed o t\u011blesn\u00fdch tekutin\u00e1ch, co\u017e se stalo prvn\u00ed teori\u00ed temperamentu. Rozd\u011blil lidi do \u010dty\u0159 skupin a to...","datePublished":"2019-06-16","dateModified":"2023-05-11","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.cebera.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.cebera.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/bbaa4e9a58aac4329fe0ade0f3fb816f09f0dc43c21f6e884dccfbc124b16b29?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/bbaa4e9a58aac4329fe0ade0f3fb816f09f0dc43c21f6e884dccfbc124b16b29?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"cebera.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.cebera.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a347174_w2099_t1561378412.png","url":"https:\/\/www.cebera.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a347174_w2099_t1561378412.png","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.cebera.cz\/historie-psychologie\/","wordCount":391,"articleBody":"Jako \u00fapln\u00e9 pr\u016fkopn\u00edky m\u016f\u017eeme jmenovat n\u011bkolik filozof\u016f ze starov\u011bk\u00e9ho \u0158ecka, jako ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b v\u011bdn\u00edch oborech. Hlavn\u011b nesm\u00edme opomenout Hippokrata. Ten je zn\u00e1m\u00fd zejm\u00e9na kv\u016fli p\u0159\u00edsaze, kterou jeho jm\u00e9nem skl\u00e1daj\u00ed mlad\u00ed dokto\u0159i. V psychologii je v\u0161ak v\u00edc zn\u00e1m\u00fd d\u00edky teori\u00ed o t\u011blesn\u00fdch tekutin\u00e1ch, co\u017e se stalo prvn\u00ed teori\u00ed temperamentu. Rozd\u011blil lidi do \u010dty\u0159 skupin a to cholerici, flegmatici, melancholici a sangvinici. Toto rozd\u011blen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me dodnes.\tDal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem je Teofratos. Byl to \u017e\u00e1k Hippokrata, kter\u00fd ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle rozd\u011blil lidi na 30 odli\u0161n\u00fdch prototyp\u016f, a to podle toho, jak\u00e9 jsou doty\u010dn\u00e9ho negativn\u00ed vlastnosti jako nap\u0159\u00edklad \u201cSkrbl\u00edk\u201d A v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b se slu\u0161\u00ed zm\u00ednit tak\u00e9 Aristotela, dal\u0161\u00edho filosofa tohoto obdob\u00ed, ten rozd\u011blil psychick\u00e9 procesy na kognitivn\u00ed, moln\u00ed a emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed.\tP\u0159ejdeme u\u017e k roku 1879 kdy byla zalo\u017eena prvn\u00ed experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed laborato\u0159 Wilhema Wundta v Lipsku. Toto datum je pova\u017eov\u00e1no jako za za\u010d\u00e1tek v\u011bdeck\u00e9 psychologie. Wilhem Wundt pou\u017e\u00edval zejm\u00e9na metodu introspekce, tedy pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00e1m sebe, co\u017e se p\u0159esp\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neosv\u011bd\u010dilo v pokusech, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch se sleduj\u00ed hlavn\u011b rychl\u00e9 du\u0161evn\u00ed procesy. Tak\u00e9 je nutn\u00e9, aby pozorovatel p\u0159esn\u011b v\u011bd\u011bl, kdy zku\u0161enost za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 a kdy kon\u010d\u00ed a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b udr\u017eet po celou dobu pozornost. Za p\u0159edm\u011bt studia pova\u017eoval zku\u0161enosti a v\u011bdom\u00ed.\tDal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj se d\u011bl\u00ed mezi dva sm\u011bry, a to strukturalismus a funkcionalismus. Strukturalismus navazuje na Wilhema Wundta a zam\u011b\u0159uje se na anal\u00fdzu du\u0161evn\u00edch struktur. Jeho hlavn\u00edm p\u0159edstavitelem je E.B.Tichner, kter\u00fd definoval mysl jako souhrn du\u0161evn\u00edch d\u011bj\u016f, kter\u00fd prob\u00edh\u00e1 cel\u00fd \u017eivot. D\u00e1le pojmenoval t\u0159i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ment\u00e1ln\u00ed elementy a to po\u010ditky, p\u0159edstavy a pocity.\t\tFunkcionalismus naproti tomu vznik\u00e1 jako naprost\u00fd protiklad strukturalismu. Studuje funkce v\u011bdom\u00ed v procesu socializace a je zna\u010dn\u011b ovlivn\u011bn filosofick\u00fdm sm\u011brem pragmatismus. Jeho hlavn\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel byl W. James. Ten studoval operace mysli v souvislosti k procesu socializace. Je tak\u00e9 autorem prvn\u00ed psychologick\u00e9 u\u010debnice.\t\u00a0\t\u00a0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.5\/5 - (11 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Historie psychologie","item":"https:\/\/www.cebera.cz\/historie-psychologie\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]